Artificial intelligence and unemployment: moderating effect of the agglomeration economy in countries with different income levels
This study analyzes the effect of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) on unemployment across countries with different income levels, while accounting for two key moderating factors: internet access and population density. To this end, panel data models were estimated for 61 countries over 2021–202...
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=10696865 |
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| Sumario: | This study analyzes the effect of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) on unemployment across countries with different income levels, while accounting for two key moderating factors: internet access and population density. To this end, panel data models were estimated for 61 countries over 2021–2024. The Global AI Index was used as a measure of technological development, and the unemployment rate was the dependent variable. In addition, control variables related to economic development, institutions, and education were included. The results indicate that, in high-income countries, AI use has a negative, statistically significant effect on unemployment. In contrast, in middle- and low-income countries, the impact of AI is less clear and not significant. This effect is reinforced when AI use is accompanied by better technological infrastructure, as measured by internet access. However, population density does not have a significant moderate effect on the relationship between AI and unemployment, especially in less developed economies. |
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