Glycoconjugate Vaccine: An Effective Way to Combat Infectious Diseases and Cancers
<p id="p1">Glycoconjugate is a molecule of carbohydrate covalently linked to another compound. In glycoconjugate vaccine, carbohydrate antigen is linked to another molecule, particularly a protein carrier. Vaccines targeting capsular polysaccharides can prevent bacterial infection. However, capsular...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book Chapter |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IntechOpen
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1132576 |
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| Summary: | <p id="p1">Glycoconjugate is a molecule of carbohydrate covalently linked to another compound. In glycoconjugate vaccine, carbohydrate antigen is linked to another molecule, particularly a protein carrier. Vaccines targeting capsular polysaccharides can prevent bacterial infection. However, capsular polysaccharide alone is weak immunogenic as it produces a B cell immune response independent of T lymphocyte. To increase the immunogenicity, the capsular polysaccharide can be covalently linked to a protein carrier that converts carbohydrate antigen from T lymphocyte independent to T lymphocyte dependent antigen. Several carrier proteins such as tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxin (DT), the outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">N. meningitides</italic></em> serogroup B, and <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">Haemophilus</italic></em> protein D are currently used in licensed conjugate vaccines. The protein carrier in the glycoconjugate vaccine engages with T cell dependent immune response and the carbohydrate part engages with T cell independent immune response. The involvement of T cells in the immune response against the glycoconjugate vaccine helps in B cell proliferation and differentiation into memory B cell which is utmost important for long-term immunity. Carbohydrate structures decorated on the surface of pathogens and malignant cells can be considered as a key target in developing safe and effective vaccines to combat cancer, bacterial infections, viral infections<em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">.</italic></em></p> |
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| ISBN: | 978-0-85466-086-5 |
| DOI: | 10.5772/intechopen.110281 |