The Science of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Gliomas: Far beyond the Obvious
<p id="p1">Gliomas are extremely aggressive and challenging to treat, with their resistance often linked to the pronounced immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Influenced by hypoxia, cytokines, and oncogenic signaling, tumor cells exhibit aberrant expression of programmed cell death...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book Chapter |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IntechOpen
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1220060 |
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| Summary: | <p id="p1">Gliomas are extremely aggressive and challenging to treat, with their resistance often linked to the pronounced immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Influenced by hypoxia, cytokines, and oncogenic signaling, tumor cells exhibit aberrant expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), positioning the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as a pivotal mechanism among immune checkpoints in promoting immune evasion. Despite significant progress in immunotherapy for other cancers, approaches targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis continue to face substantial barriers in gliomas. Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a frequent clinical challenge, underscoring the urgent need for a deeper understanding of glioma immunobiology. Notably, beyond its extracellular immune-regulatory role, PD-L1 also exerts intracellular signaling functions in the cytosol and nucleus of cancer cells, contributing to stress response regulation and tumor survival. Given the diverse mechanisms driving tumor initiation and progression, this chapter aims to unravel the multifaceted roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the PD-L1 expression, with a particular focus on its direct effects on glioma cells.</p> |
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| ISBN: | 978-0-85466-326-2 |
| DOI: | 10.5772/intechopen.1011981 |