The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review
<p id="p1">The study reviews the application of polymers and nanomaterials for improving the maintenance of gravel roads. Gravel and unpaved roads comprise a significant proportion of road networks in the sub-Saharan region, and the efficient maintenance is crucial for enhancing the performance and...
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Capítulo de libro |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
| Publicado: |
IntechOpen
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1237241 |
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| _version_ | 1879164899193520128 |
|---|---|
| author | Fondjo, Armand Augustin Theron, Elizabeth |
| author_browse | Fondjo, Armand Augustin Theron, Elizabeth |
| author_facet | Fondjo, Armand Augustin Theron, Elizabeth |
| author_sort | Fondjo, Armand Augustin |
| building | IntechOpen |
| collection | Acceso abierto |
| description | <p id="p1">The study reviews the application of polymers and nanomaterials for improving the maintenance of gravel roads. Gravel and unpaved roads comprise a significant proportion of road networks in the sub-Saharan region, and the efficient maintenance is crucial for enhancing the performance and transportation of goods and people. Limited studies have reviewed the utilization of polymers and nanomaterials in gravel road maintenance. To synthesize this diverse literature, we reviewed 81 articles, triangulated their conclusions, and identified the effective approach. As a general review, the study did not include experimental validation. The review demonstrates that polymers, nano-polymers, and nano-modified emulsions can be used to enhance the performance, durability, and safety of gravel roads. Laboratory investigations, including Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) and long-term durability assessments, are essential to ensure the effective use of road stabilizers. Additionally, the application of Pavement Management System (PMS) software provides an optimized evaluation, repair, and efficient overall management of gravel road maintenance. This study reveals that each type of stabilizer polymer, nano-polymer, and nano-modified emulsion has its own merits and limits. The use of nano-materials has been found to be more cost-effective than the annual expenses associated with re-graveling and re-grading conventional gravel roads. With pronounced cooperation among researchers, industrialists, scientists, technologists, and environmentalists, research strategy should be adopted to incorporate a standardized application of stabilizers in modern industries. Geoenvironmental assessment related to chemical stabilization methods is crucial for chemical stabilizers. This research provides guidelines for the selection and application of polymers and nanotechnology in gravel road maintenance.</p> |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5772/intechopen.1014128 |
| first_indexed | 2026-10-15T21:41:40Z |
| format | Book Chapter |
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<dc:title>The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Armand Augustin Fondjo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizabeth Theron</dc:creator>
<dc:subject>Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology</dc:subject>
<dc:description><p id="p1">The study reviews the application of polymers and nanomaterials for improving the maintenance of gravel roads. Gravel and unpaved roads comprise a significant proportion of road networks in the sub-Saharan region, and the efficient maintenance is crucial for enhancing the performance and transportation of goods and people. Limited studies have reviewed the utilization of polymers and nanomaterials in gravel road maintenance. To synthesize this diverse literature, we reviewed 81&nbsp;articles, triangulated their conclusions, and identified the effective approach. As a general review, the study did not include experimental validation. The review demonstrates that polymers, nano-polymers, and nano-modified emulsions can be used to enhance the performance, durability, and safety of gravel roads. Laboratory investigations, including Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) and long-term durability assessments, are essential to ensure the effective use of road stabilizers. Additionally, the application of Pavement Management System (PMS) software provides an optimized evaluation, repair, and efficient overall management of gravel road maintenance. This study reveals that each type of stabilizer polymer, nano-polymer, and nano-modified emulsion has its own merits and limits. The use of nano-materials has been found to be more cost-effective than the annual expenses associated with re-graveling and re-grading conventional gravel roads. With pronounced cooperation among researchers, industrialists, scientists, technologists, and environmentalists, research strategy should be adopted to incorporate a standardized application of stabilizers in modern industries. Geoenvironmental assessment related to chemical stabilization methods is crucial for chemical stabilizers. This research provides guidelines for the selection and application of polymers and nanotechnology in gravel road maintenance.</p></dc:description>
<dc:publisher>IntechOpen</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:type>Chapter, Part Of Book</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1237241</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.5772/intechopen.1014128</dc:identifier>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:relation>ISBN:978-1-80631-139-2</dc:relation>
<dc:rights>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</dc:rights>
<dc:source>https://www.intechopen.com/books/1005856 ; Civil Engineering Annual Volume 2025</dc:source>
</oai_dc:dc> |
| id | intech-1237241 |
| institution | IntechOpen |
| isbn | 978-1-80631-139-2 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-10-15T21:41:40Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | IntechOpen |
| publisherStr | IntechOpen |
| record_format | oai_dc |
| spelling | intech-12372412026-02-19 The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review Armand Augustin Fondjo Elizabeth Theron Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology <p id="p1">The study reviews the application of polymers and nanomaterials for improving the maintenance of gravel roads. Gravel and unpaved roads comprise a significant proportion of road networks in the sub-Saharan region, and the efficient maintenance is crucial for enhancing the performance and transportation of goods and people. Limited studies have reviewed the utilization of polymers and nanomaterials in gravel road maintenance. To synthesize this diverse literature, we reviewed 81 articles, triangulated their conclusions, and identified the effective approach. As a general review, the study did not include experimental validation. The review demonstrates that polymers, nano-polymers, and nano-modified emulsions can be used to enhance the performance, durability, and safety of gravel roads. Laboratory investigations, including Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) and long-term durability assessments, are essential to ensure the effective use of road stabilizers. Additionally, the application of Pavement Management System (PMS) software provides an optimized evaluation, repair, and efficient overall management of gravel road maintenance. This study reveals that each type of stabilizer polymer, nano-polymer, and nano-modified emulsion has its own merits and limits. The use of nano-materials has been found to be more cost-effective than the annual expenses associated with re-graveling and re-grading conventional gravel roads. With pronounced cooperation among researchers, industrialists, scientists, technologists, and environmentalists, research strategy should be adopted to incorporate a standardized application of stabilizers in modern industries. Geoenvironmental assessment related to chemical stabilization methods is crucial for chemical stabilizers. This research provides guidelines for the selection and application of polymers and nanotechnology in gravel road maintenance.</p> IntechOpen 2026-02-19 Chapter, Part Of Book https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1237241 doi:10.5772/intechopen.1014128 en ISBN:978-1-80631-139-2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://www.intechopen.com/books/1005856 ; Civil Engineering Annual Volume 2025 |
| spellingShingle | Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Fondjo, Armand Augustin Theron, Elizabeth The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review |
| title | The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review |
| title_full | The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review |
| title_fullStr | The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review |
| title_short | The Use of Polymers, Nano-Polymers, and Nano-Modified Emulsion for Gravel Road Maintenance: A Review |
| title_sort | use of polymers nano polymers and nano modified emulsion for gravel road maintenance a review |
| topic | Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology |
| url | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1237241 |
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