Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em>
The ratios of amino acids to the total amino acids deduced from the complete genome and those of nucleotides to the total nucleotides in the genome are useful indexes to characterize various large genomes among different species from bacteria to Homo sapiens. These indexes are not only independent o...
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| Format: | Book Chapter |
| Language: | English |
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2020
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| Online Access: | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71035 |
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| _version_ | 1879164709423284224 |
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| author | Sorimachi, Kenji |
| author_browse | Sorimachi, Kenji |
| author_facet | Sorimachi, Kenji |
| author_sort | Sorimachi, Kenji |
| building | IntechOpen |
| collection | Acceso abierto |
| description | The ratios of amino acids to the total amino acids deduced from the complete genome and those of nucleotides to the total nucleotides in the genome are useful indexes to characterize various large genomes among different species from bacteria to Homo sapiens. These indexes are not only independent of species but also of genome size. Using these indexes, the following results were obtained: (1) primitive life forms appeared to have similar amino acid compositions to present day organisms; (2) cellular amino acid compositions that are similar among various species and between whole cells and complete genomes; (3) genome structure that is homogeneously constructed from putative small units encoding proteins of similar amino acid compositions, followed by synchronous mutations over the genome; (4) all organisms can be classified into two groups, “GC-rich” and “AT-rich,” based on their nucleotide contents, or “terrestrial” and “aquatic vertebrates” based on natural selection by cluster analyses using amino acid contents as the traits; and (5) evolution based on nucleotide content alterations can be expressed by definitive equations. Thus, the ratios of amino acids or nucleotides to their total contents are useful indexes for characterizing genomes, regardless of species differences and genome sizes. The two normalized nucleotide contents are universally expressed regression line. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5772/intechopen.91170 |
| first_indexed | 2026-10-15T21:38:39Z |
| format | Book Chapter |
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<dc:title>Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em></dc:title>
<dc:creator>Kenji Sorimachi</dc:creator>
<dc:subject>Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology</dc:subject>
<dc:description>The ratios of amino acids to the total amino acids deduced from the complete genome and those of nucleotides to the total nucleotides in the genome are useful indexes to characterize various large genomes among different species from bacteria to Homo sapiens. These indexes are not only independent of species but also of genome size. Using these indexes, the following results were obtained: (1) primitive life forms appeared to have similar amino acid compositions to present day organisms; (2) cellular amino acid compositions that are similar among various species and between whole cells and complete genomes; (3) genome structure that is homogeneously constructed from putative small units encoding proteins of similar amino acid compositions, followed by synchronous mutations over the genome; (4) all organisms can be classified into two groups, “GC-rich” and “AT-rich,” based on their nucleotide contents, or “terrestrial” and “aquatic vertebrates” based on natural selection by cluster analyses using amino acid contents as the traits; and (5) evolution based on nucleotide content alterations can be expressed by definitive equations. Thus, the ratios of amino acids or nucleotides to their total contents are useful indexes for characterizing genomes, regardless of species differences and genome sizes. The two normalized nucleotide contents are universally expressed regression line.</dc:description>
<dc:publisher>IntechOpen</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:type>Chapter, Part Of Book</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71035</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.5772/intechopen.91170</dc:identifier>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:relation>ISBN:978-1-83880-067-3</dc:relation>
<dc:rights>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</dc:rights>
<dc:source>https://www.intechopen.com/books/9236 ; Cheminformatics and its Applications</dc:source>
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| id | intech-71035 |
| institution | IntechOpen |
| isbn | 978-1-83880-067-3 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-10-15T21:38:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | IntechOpen |
| publisherStr | IntechOpen |
| record_format | oai_dc |
| spelling | intech-710352020-02-12 Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> Kenji Sorimachi Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology The ratios of amino acids to the total amino acids deduced from the complete genome and those of nucleotides to the total nucleotides in the genome are useful indexes to characterize various large genomes among different species from bacteria to Homo sapiens. These indexes are not only independent of species but also of genome size. Using these indexes, the following results were obtained: (1) primitive life forms appeared to have similar amino acid compositions to present day organisms; (2) cellular amino acid compositions that are similar among various species and between whole cells and complete genomes; (3) genome structure that is homogeneously constructed from putative small units encoding proteins of similar amino acid compositions, followed by synchronous mutations over the genome; (4) all organisms can be classified into two groups, “GC-rich” and “AT-rich,” based on their nucleotide contents, or “terrestrial” and “aquatic vertebrates” based on natural selection by cluster analyses using amino acid contents as the traits; and (5) evolution based on nucleotide content alterations can be expressed by definitive equations. Thus, the ratios of amino acids or nucleotides to their total contents are useful indexes for characterizing genomes, regardless of species differences and genome sizes. The two normalized nucleotide contents are universally expressed regression line. IntechOpen 2020-02-12 Chapter, Part Of Book https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71035 doi:10.5772/intechopen.91170 en ISBN:978-1-83880-067-3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://www.intechopen.com/books/9236 ; Cheminformatics and its Applications |
| spellingShingle | Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Sorimachi, Kenji Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> |
| title | Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> |
| title_full | Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> |
| title_fullStr | Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> |
| title_short | Visible Evolution from Primitive Organisms to <em>Homo sapiens</em> |
| title_sort | visible evolution from primitive organisms to em homo sapiens em |
| topic | Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology |
| url | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71035 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sorimachikenji visibleevolutionfromprimitiveorganismstoemhomosapiensem |