Shale Oil and Gas Produced Water Treatment: Opportunities and Barriers for Forward Osmosis

The treatment of shale oil & gas produced water is a complicated process since it contains various organic compounds and inorganic impurities. Traditional membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are challenged when produced water has high salinity. Forward osmosis (FO) and memb...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ogletree, Layla, Du, Hongbo, Kommalapati, Raghava
Format: Book Chapter
Language:English
Published: IntechOpen 2021
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Online Access:https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/75071
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