<em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Gastric Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Management
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world population, and currently, no treatment is satisfactory for its management. Understanding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of H. pylori has increased over the years. Proper adheren...
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Capítulo de libro |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
| Publicado: |
IntechOpen
2022
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/83199 |
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| Sumario: | Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world population, and currently, no treatment is satisfactory for its management. Understanding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of H. pylori has increased over the years. Proper adherence and colonization of H. pylori induce genetic alterations, express numerous virulence factors, and trigger diverse adaptive mechanisms, making possible the colonization of an organ with a highly acidic lumen. The mode for the transmission of infection can be oral-oral or fecal-oral. Various effector proteins or toxins are released by the organism for successful colonization and infection. For the virulence and pathogenicity of H. pylori, the virulence factors, host, and environmental factors interplay a very important role. Virulence factors for H. pylori enhanced the pathogenicity of cytotoxin-associated antigen A, vacuolating cytotoxin, duodenal ulcer promoting gene A protein, outer inflammatory proteins, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The host immune system through Th1-polarized response plays a crucial role in the course of infection. The most common symptoms in H. pylori-positive individuals are peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, whereas some positive individuals remain asymptomatic. Detection of H. pylori infection can be through invasive and noninvasive diagnostic methods. We critically reflect on the infection of H. pylori and the virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms of H. pylori. |
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| ISBN: | 978-1-83768-170-9 |
| DOI: | 10.5772/intechopen.106783 |