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Brucellosis: Infectious Disease

<p id="p1">Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">Brucella</italic></em> species, a small, Gram-negative coccobacilli group, with four spec...

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Main Author: Jawad, Sahar M.
Format: Book Chapter
Language:English
Published: IntechOpen 2024
Subjects:
Health Sciences
Online Access:https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/88997
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Summary:<p id="p1">Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">Brucella</italic></em> species, a small, Gram-negative coccobacilli group, with four species (<em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. melitensis</italic></em>, <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. abortus</italic></em>, <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. canis</italic></em>, and <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. suis</italic></em>), causing illness in humans. These bacteria have a different type of outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) compared to similar bacteria like those in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Symptoms typically begin with a sudden fever, and as the illness progresses, it can enter into chronic stage characterized by recurring episodes of fever, along with symptoms such as weakness, sweating, and general discomfort. Human brucellosis is caused by various strains of <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">Brucella</italic></em> bacteria, including <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B.&nbsp;abortus</italic></em> (from cattle), <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. melitensis</italic></em> (from sheep and goats), and <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. suis</italic></em> (from hogs). While infections from <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. canis</italic></em> (from dogs) are infrequent, they have been reported. Among these, <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. melitensis</italic></em> and <em><italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">B. suis</italic></em> tend to be more potent in terms of their pathogenicity. Farm animals, raw dairy products, and wild animals such as deer, bison, horses, moose, caribou, hares, chickens, and desert rats can carry brucellosis, which can also infect humans. In this chapter, we will discuss how brucellosis is contracted and the diseases it can cause. We will focus on Iraq, where brucellosis is a common disease.</p>
ISBN:978-1-80356-675-7
DOI:10.5772/intechopen.114141

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